The former is "the proletariat" which controls the national machineries.

          The latter, forever losing their freedom, not just losing the freedom of control of the nation's political power, to the extent of losing the natural right of overseeing the operation of the nation's political power; even to the extent of unknowingly losing the most basic human rights, everything being stripped off to become a genuine proletariat.

          That "proletariat" who were in control of the nation's machineries, possessed a lot of privileges.  They were in fact not the proletariat of "the proletariat".  Rather they were the "proletariat" who had seized the nation's dictatorship tools, stood on the opposite side against the masses of the Chinese people - to say it clear, they were the corrupted, and in some areas were the extremely corrupted Chinese Communist Party.

          In the fifties, Mao Ze-dong was having a thorough knowledge of the rough situation of the whole of China including the corruption of the Chinese Communist Party that he was leading and a portion of its Party members, as he was in control of the intelligence and administrative system.

          On the one hand, Mao Ze-dong had to remedy the administrative and policy faults he had made ever since the founding of the state.  On the other hand he wanted to eliminate the burgeoning forces in the Party.

          Prevented and avoided coup d'etat and prevented interference to his all-powerful authority, he was deservedly to be called a monarch of his time.  In the prevention of coups, his senses of touch, smell and sight were still very acute.

          The burgeoning forces within the Party were Liu Xiu-qi, Deng Xiao-ping, Tao Zhu, Ye Jian-ying and Chen Yi . . .   These were the cream of the Communist Party who, during their seizure of political power in China, had exhibited their capabilities.  Their wisdom, ability and talent matched those of Mao Ze-dong, much about the same.

          As they were closer to the basic level of the Chinese society, they understood clearly the hardships faced by the masses.  They also realized that because of the mistakes committed by Mao Ze-dong and corruption and deterioration of Party members, the Communist Party in every level of the society was already heading in a direction opposite to that of the people of China, was in the process of arriving at and already coming into acute confronting positions.

          Some confronting positions were not "right and wrong issues of major importance", they were merely issues of ordinary livelihood.

          For example, Party member cadres of the troops, provincial committees or city committees had access to high quality hospitals and good doctors.  Their children could be educated in good schools with good teachers.  Whilst the common people were short of medical services and supplies, and education at primary school level was difficult to make available to all.

          At the same time, there were incidents of the common people being suppressed or bullied.

          However, the greatest trauma to the masses were those "political campaigns" under various names of things.